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# 離線防災資訊資料庫 :::info [TOC] ::: ## 防災知識庫 - 可以參考沃草的防災手冊 > [物資哪裡買](https://g0v.hackmd.io/@billy3321/ryMJ68XQ6) - [全民國防手冊](https://aodm.mnd.gov.tw/front/down.aspx?menu=069&mCate=069) ([2023年版 PDF](https://aodm.mnd.gov.tw/files/web/191/file_up/100004/60/%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E6%87%89%E8%AE%8A%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A.pdf)) ## 地震 ### 事前防災準備 #### 🔸 [家具固定](https://www.tfdp.com.tw/cht/index.php?code=list&flag=detail&ids=37&article_id=881) [![](https://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/g0v-hackmd-images/uploads/upload_a5866683b89c4ffcacef760f2b79d4bf.jpg)](https://www.tfdp.com.tw/cht/index.php?code=list&flag=detail&ids=34&article_id=1234) <br/> #### 🔸 逃生路線的檢查與演練:注意天花板、地板、牆面、燈(備案:手機、手電筒)、阻礙物們:門:鐵捲門(需要等待)、逃生門(因生疏使用需要研究))能否快速開啟。注意落石(建築牆面的磁磚脫落 #### 🔸 [隨時備好每人有 3 日份以上的防災食物](https://www.tfdp.com.tw/cht/index.php?code=list&flag=detail&ids=37&article_id=878) * 防災食物: * 適合常溫&長時間保存 * 過期前,記得把食物吃完,並補充新的 * 循環儲備概念:儲備 > 吃掉 > 補充 > 再儲備 > 吃掉 > 補充... loop * 具營養價值,確保災時可供身體攝取足夠所需的營養 * 需留意慢性病或過敏禁忌 * 外包裝標示保存日期 * 簡單料理:最好可以不需加熱,或加熱水即可食用的品項 * 節約用水:在停水的情況下,用少量水也能料理的方式 * 建議儲放的位置分散在家中幾個不同的位置(不需跟緊急避難包一起放在玄關) * 留意儲放位置是否可能遭淹水、高溫、陽光直射或害蟲等汙染 * 食用前需處理外包裝灰塵髒汙 * 有嬰幼兒或長者: * 需多準備一些對應的食物用品,避免停水無法清洗:奶瓶、小湯匙、紙杯、小碗 * 準備嬰幼兒平時喜歡吃的小餅乾或鋁箔包果汁,減少災時不安定感 * 考量咀嚼能力 * 防災食物類別 * 主食(主要熱量&碳水化合物來源):米、乾麵、泡麵 * 主菜(蛋白質):調理包、罐頭(肉類/豆類)、小魚乾、柴魚 * 副菜: * 蔬菜:可耐保存蔬菜、乾燥蔬菜(例:海帶芽)、罐頭(例:玉米、菜心)、蔬菜汁 * 調味料:鹽、醬油、砂糖、食用油、蕃茄醬、美乃滋 * 其它:即食杯湯、醃漬物、巧克力、餅乾、零食、乳製品(脫脂奶粉/保久乳/起司粉) * 水果:可耐保存水果、水果罐頭、果乾、果汁 * 水: * 每人每日至少 3 公升(含:飲用水及料理食物所需用水) * 每人最少飲水量:體重 1kg X 15ml = 每日最低水份攝取量 [![](https://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/g0v-hackmd-images/uploads/upload_8d0303e9d75d168d83e09454ec9ebe78.jpg)](https://www.tfdp.com.tw/cht/index.php?code=list&flag=detail&ids=34&article_id=1234) <br/> #### 🔸 緊急避難包 [![](https://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/g0v-hackmd-images/uploads/upload_287739f42c36ae49ea3f889f1e16a356.jpg)](https://www.tfdp.com.tw/cht/index.php?code=list&flag=detail&ids=34&article_id=1234) <br/> ### [防災宣導教學手冊-地震災害防救](https://www.tfdp.com.tw/cht/index.php?code=list&flag=detail&ids=37&article_id=880) 目錄: * 可能災害:地面斷裂、山崩、土壤液化、地陷、海嘯、火災、火山(來自陽明山樓下海景第一排居民的擔憂) * 震前整備:房屋耐震評估及必要之補強、家具固定、瓦斯固定、預防受傷的措施(玻璃貼保護膜、備好緊急照明&不因散亂物致傷之便鞋) * 初期應變準備:消防設備、火災預警、使用感震斷路器或感震插座(避免電氣或瓦斯引起火災)、物資準備 * 地震來臨的應變行動、不同情境的避難方式 * 餘震後的行動:地震複合災害之應變、防範受傷行為、確認避難出口及動線安全、不接近危險設施 * 戶外行動:避難路徑、收容所 * FAQ * Q:傢俱倒塌所產生的「黃金三角」可以保命? * A: * 當地震造成地面隆起時,剛好隆起的位置位在堅固掩蔽體旁,「黃金三角避難空間」就不見了,此時躲在這個掩蔽體旁邊,還有可能被翻覆的重物壓傷。 * 位移也會造成同樣的現象,這些重物有可能傾倒或位移,位移時會將你推擠至另外一側,就會被夾在牆壁及重物中間,「黃金三角避難空間」也不見了。 * 所以地震時,沒有一定會形成所謂「黃金三角避難空間」的地點,因此還是建議躲在桌子底下(不可躲在玻璃桌下),而不是躲在桌子旁;將可以避免被掉落物砸傷、不會被翻覆的桌子壓傷、不會被移位的桌子擠傷。隔間牆如果是磚牆或輕隔間也會碎裂,並無保護作用,反而還會造成傷害,樓板也是一樣的道理。 <br/> ### [防震手冊](https://www.tfdp.com.tw/cht/index.php?code=list&flag=detail&ids=37&article_id=884) 目錄: * 認識地震(含各地震震度可能會發生的情況) * 避難流程 * 先保護自己 * 地震停止後: * 確認家人安全 * 關瓦斯 * 出口是否暢通 * 留意山崩、土石流、海嘯等訊息 * 避難用品(含:安全帽、鞋) * 採取疏散避難時機: * 大型家具明顯移位、搖晃、翻倒,且擔心建物嚴重受損 * 聽到建物有異聲 * 如有「碰、碰」巨響,代表建物磚牆或混凝土受擠壓破裂 * 牆、樑、柱爆開、明顯變形或倒塌 * 逃出時: * 關閉總電源 * 關瓦斯 * 鎖緊門窗 * 在門口明顯處留紙條,讓搜救人員知道屋內已沒人,避免浪費搜救時間 * 留意避難路線上的可能掉落物:玻璃、磁磚、招牌 * 發現火災:大喊、使用滅火器(不能滅的話就儘速離開)、call 119 * 留意是否有他人受傷受困(協助或尋求協助) * 遠離小路、河川、籬笆、懸崖 * 與一同避難者自組救災團隊 * 在避難所:節約用水&用電&民生物資 * 震前準備 * 家具固定方式 * 家庭防災計畫 * 地震發生時 * 不同情境地點的應對 * 地震發生後 * 受困求救方式:製造噪音,保持冷靜不要清舉妄動 * 有人受傷時: * call 119 * 確保對方呼吸道暢通 * 有適當呼吸,但失去意識:將對方調整為側臥復甦姿勢(可蓋毯子避免失溫) * 傷口處理: * 乾淨水洗+紗布擦掉髒污 * 血流不止的話,傷口蓋上紗布或乾淨布,直接加壓傷口,並抬高傷口止血(高於心臟) * 異物卡在傷口裡:不要擅自拔除,用紗布或乾淨布覆蓋並固定在傷口四周,保持異物穩固 * 用夾板固定骨折的手腳: * 固定骨折部位上下兩處關節,保持關節自然彎曲,方便傷者自行行動 * 可替代夾板的東西:只要是「細長、可彎曲」的東西都可以替代,報紙/紙箱也可以(捲成圓筒狀+封箱膠帶固定,加強硬度即可) * 緊急避難包 * 糧食 * 保暖衣物 * 醫療&清潔用品 * 其它:哨子、防災地圖、可攜式收音機、手電筒、電池、打火機、瑞士刀、開罐器、紙筆、繩索... etc. * 不要忘了重要物品:少許現金、證件影本 ### 緊急救護 {%youtube ZxirsV5iq0Y %} ### 「避難收容處所」[這邊找](https://www.nfa.gov.tw/cht/index.php?code=list&ids=82) #### 想找更多避難相關資料 [這邊請](https://g0v.hackmd.io/@chewei/SJeTRFyFYp/https%3A%2F%2Fg0v.hackmd.io%2F%40chewei%2Fwaytosafety-home) ## 火山 [3D 災害潛勢地圖](https://dmap.ncdr.nat.gov.tw/1109/map/) 火山相關潛勢區: ![火山相關潛勢區](https://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/g0v-hackmd-images/uploads/upload_6ae07a758f59e2399bed188b1826eb94.png) 暫存:https://www.facebook.com/TaipeiNeedYou/posts/2279770472069198/?paipv=0&eav=AfaSw_i-s2G9NZ7hdLIwotA9tp4bqASW7aReZDKVHMGzPDz6a-9Nsh9DqCNoeiqnvR4&_rdr ## 參考資料 - 參考日本方案 - ["TOKYO BOUSAI", a disaster prevention book by NOSIGNER](https://nosigner.com/tokyo-bousai) - ["OLIVE", a wiki to centralize and share information that is useful when disasters strike.](https://nosigner.com/olive) - ["THE SECOND AID", A disaster prevention kit included survival food and supplies](https://nosigner.com/the-second-aid) - 這是防災包+防災知識庫

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