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--- title: 網路治理小辭典 tags: internet governance, study groups, 讀冊, 讀書會, study group, ICANN, IGF, 網路治理, 共筆, 共同筆記 --- # 網路治理小辭典 :::success 感謝 @peter 協助貢獻 ::: - [WSIS](https://www.internetsociety.org/issues/internet-governance/wsis/) 是 World Summit on Information Society的縮寫,中文為世界資訊社群高峰會,由聯合國主辦。 - [IETF](https://www.ietf.org) 是 Internet Engineering Task Force 的縮寫,中文為網際網路工程任務組, 是一個開放的標準組織,負責開發和推廣自願網際網路標準(Internet Standard,英文縮寫為STD)。 - [IAB](https://www.iab.org) 網際網路架構委員會,是 IETF 裡的一個委員會,職責包含對IET進行架構監督。 - [IANA](https://www.iana.org) 是 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 的縮寫,中文網際網路號碼分配局,是一家網際網路位址指派機構,管理國際網際網路中使用的 IP 位址、域名和許多其它參數的機構。 - [ICANN](https://www.icann.org) 是Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 的縮寫,網際網路名稱與數字位址分配機構負責接管包括管理域名和IP位址的分配等與網際網路相關的任務。 - [AFRINIC](https://afrinic.net) 非洲網路資訊中心,負責非洲的網路網域相關分配,有蠻多的爭議。 - [at-large](https://atlarge.icann.org/about/index) 指的是 ALAC At Large Advisory Committee 一般會員諮詢委員會(ALAC)為網路個人使用者主要發聲和發表意見的組織。除了針對ICANN行動中網路個人使用者利益、為提出之政策提供諮詢外,ALAC 還協助一般會員結構和地區一般會員組織 (Regional At-Large Organization,RALO) 的組建和資格認證。 - [GNSO](https://blog.twnic.tw/2021/12/28/21505/) 是 Generic Names Supporting Organization的縮寫,中文為通用域名支援組織。GNSO負責制訂與修訂gTLD政策,使gTLD(通用頂級網域)以公平、有序的方式運行,且促進創新與競爭。GNSO 由多方利害關係團體組成,包含:商業團體(Commercial Stakeholder Group)、非企業團體(Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group)、受理註冊機構團體(Registrars Stakeholder Group),以及註冊管理機構團體(Registries Stakeholder Group) - [ccNSO](https://blog.twnic.tw/2021/11/29/21087/) 是 Country Code Names Supporting Organization的縮寫,國碼域名支援組織ccNSO是ICANN內由ccTLD創建的全球平臺,成立於2003年,主要目標是為ccTLD管理者提供可討論相關議題及分享經驗的協作空間,亦負責向ICANN董事會提出有關ccTLD與國際化國碼頂級域名(IDN ccTLD)的政策性建言。ccTLD管理者可透過ccNSO與ICANN內的其他利害關係人及社群合作。 - [ASO](https://www.netalent.pro/views/NetWIKI.html?id=ASO) 位址支援組織。位址支持組織是ICANN的一個支持組織,成立於1999年。 - [NRO](https://blog.twnic.tw/2023/01/12/25586/) 是Number Resources Organization 的縮寫。號碼資源組織,NRO是一個負責協調全球五個區域網路註冊管理機構 (Regional Internet Registries,RIRs) 合作的組織,基於網際網路名稱與數字位址分配機構 (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers,ICANN) 與全球區域網路註冊管理機構簽訂之合約,NRO NC同時亦兼任ICANN ASO AC委員一職,其中一項任務即是推動由下而上的多方利害關係人治理模式參與ICANN,以履行 ICANN ASO 的職責制定全球網路政策。 - [TWNIC](https://twnic.tw)台灣網際網路資訊中心,財團法人台灣網路資訊中心(TWNIC)是一個非營利性之財團法人機構,在交通部電信總局及中華民國電腦學會的共同捐助下,TWNIC於民國88年12月29日完成財團法人設立登記事宜,『財團法人台灣網路資訊中心』正式成立。負責台灣的網路域名分配。 - PKI 是 Public Key Infrastructure 的縮寫,是一組由硬體、軟體、參與者、管理政策與流程組成的基礎架構,其目的在於創造、管理、分配、使用、儲存以及復原數位憑證,與數位簽章有關。 - [PIR](https://www.internetsociety.org/pir/) Public Interest Registry 的縮寫,處理 .org 網域治理的非營利組織。 - [NTIA](https://www.ntia.gov)是 National Telecommunications and Information Administration 的縮寫,NTIA成立於1978年,隸屬於美國商務部(Department of Commerce),負責美國國內及跨國間的電信資訊政策之擬定,並向總統提出相關建言;另統籌規劃全國頻率資源之運用,制定國家頻率分配表,並管理及核配政府用頻率。 - peering:網路海纜的互連。 - [PTI](https://pti.icann.org) 是 public technical identifier 的縮寫,其目前接管了 IANA 的功能,協助處理與報告相關的內容。

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