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--- tags: hiking, GIS --- # 登山鴿子求援系統 SOS Pigeon ## 台灣特色的山難救援定位方案 ``` 構想源自 Wen-jet Wang (Peter) https://t.me/c/1210052391/16528 本文件以 CC:BY 2.0 釋出,編輯前請務必閱讀並同意本授權條款 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.zh_TW 轉載或再使用時,請標示 hackmd 網址 g0v.hackmd.io/@irvin/sos_pigeon 及「powered by g0v community」 ``` ## 摘要 TBD 登山時帶一隻套著 GPS 腳環,經過訓練的賽鴿,當迷途、落單或受傷時將鴿子放飛,鴿子能在數分鐘到一小時內回到鴿舍,救援人員即可根據 GPS 腳環定位紀錄,快速抵達求援者位置,提高救援機率、降低搜救成本。 ### 可行性 TBD ### 設備與成本 假設以一個鴿舍養 30 隻 / 全職 2 人 / 配備一組定位腳環計算,單點年成本約為一百萬(不計鴿舍、土地等不動產硬體成本)。 #### 養鴿成本 - 飼料費:40g x 1羽 x 365天 = 14,600g = 15 公斤;飼料平均估算 30 元/公斤,約每隻每年 450 元。([ref](https://yc730123.pixnet.net/blog/post/406533535-觀念逆轉勝-參與賽鴿運動沒贏其實很花錢!)) - 疫苗、藥品、補品等相關費用: 5000/隻/年。 #### 人力 - 人力:30,000 x 2人 x 1舍 x 15月(預估含獎金、勞保、行政成本)= 90萬/年。([ref](https://dfsd741.pixnet.net/blog/post/141835560-動保員是公務人員嗎%3F)、[ref](https://www.104.com.tw/jobs/search/?ro=0&kwop=7&keyword=動物保&order=15&asc=0&page=2&mode=s)) #### GPS 腳環 - skyleader 吉翔樂 鴿子 GPS 腳環 (單顆) IPX7,3分鐘1個點,紀錄12小時 https://www.pcstore.com.tw/skyleader/M25589760.htm https://www.taiwanexcellence.org/tw/award/product/41333 https://www.skyleader.tw 旻新科技股份有限公司 單顆定價 2400 一組十顆連充電座 12000 #### 租賃制度 於各縣市救援單位或登山口設置救援鴿舍,提供SOS鴿子出租,包裹飲食、鴿籠與定位腳環等相關設備。 以每次 / 單日、同時十隻出勤、嫁動率約 20% 計算: 100(萬) x 20% x (30/10) / 365 = 1650/日 #### 現行救援成本 - 人力搜救: - 登山保險給付緊急救援費用 30~50萬 [ref (p.22)](http://www.twba.org.tw/Manage/magz/UploadFile/6100_020-037山域救援收費及保險問題初探-劉如慧.pdf) - 直升機: - 空勤總隊黑鷹直升機山難救援任務,2020 年估計花費 1400 萬 [ref](https://udn.com/news/story/7325/4860082) - 內政部空勤總隊各型飛機飛行成本,依機型不同,每小時成本為10~20萬元 [ref (p.22)](http://www.twba.org.tw/Manage/magz/UploadFile/6100_020-037山域救援收費及保險問題初探-劉如慧.pdf) ### 使用限制 - 鴿子的飲食 - 高度限制 - 方位 ### 利害相關者 - 登山者 - 養鴿者、各地養鴿協會 - 主管機關:農委會(動保)、林務局(開放山林) - 山難救援:內政部消防署(主責機關)、中華民國山難救助協會(民間搜救團體) - 設備:GPS 腳環公司 --- ## 討論內容 > 如果是帶一隻鴿子上山,鴿子的腳上帶著 GPS 記錄電子腳環。發生山難受困時,就把鴿子放飛,鴿子回到山下以後,只要取讀腳環中的記錄,就知道地點了。 > 就完全不需要什麼基地台或是多增設什麼衛星的東西,不管是鴿子還是腳環都有現成的成熟可靠的產品。 > 如果是養在入山口處的鴿舍的話,鴿子飛下山求援只需要幾分鐘哦。 > 格子封包應該是有效,就是要多背一個籃子跟乾糧 > 鴿子一天的食物只需要「幾克的豆子」 > 現在全球最輕量的 GPS 記錄腳環也是 made in Taiwan 的。 https://www.taiwanexcellence.org/tw/award/product/41333 > 在每個山口養鴿子絕對比蓋基地台便宜 > 鴿子有能力飛到 3km 的高度,但一般鴿子不會這麼拼命。 牠會「儘量找省力的路徑飛」 > 登山者身上背負的重量與裝備體積都相當要求,要攜帶鴿子也就意味著要多掛一個鴿籠在背包上,不知道鴿籠重量要如何克服? 衍生的排洩物(鴿糞)問題可能也要考慮。 > 如果把鴿子裝籠後背著爬高山,不知道鴿子會不會頭暈以及得高山症? > 若使用者不慎墜落GPS訊號微弱的深谷或密林,以現行作法都是待救者開啟手機GPS定位系統,反覆確認座標地點等待定位無誤,且GPS定位誤差值半徑小到可接受的範圍後再送出座標訊息;但鴿環GPS裝置無螢幕可確認定位座標,若直接貿然放出鴿子,不知道是否反而會造成搜救上的困難? > 這是為了要在「沒有訊號」的地區送出待援座標的機制,如果還有手機訊號可以送得出 GPS 座標訊息,就不需要動用此套系統了。 > GPS log 理論上可包含精確度資訊,山上遮蔽少,或鴿子飛上天後,定位會相對地面更快。 > 就算沒有精確的初始位置,參考飛行路線與點位的精確度做綜合研擬,還是能提高救援效率。

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