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--- tags: COVID-19 --- # 關於 COVID-19 病毒、防疫需要知道的事 What You Need to Know about COVID-19 ## 研究和報導 Research Papers and News Reports ### 華語 Mandarin * [2021/05/20 關鍵評論: 紀駿輝:台灣忽略了絕大多數的新冠病毒是由無症狀感染者所傳播的](https://www.thenewslens.com/article/151187) * [2021/05/14 蘋果日報:專家:預防空氣傳播疾病 未來建築設計需增加通風和空氣清淨設備](https://tw.appledaily.com/international/20210514/4I4V6XN7HNGU5J6FQI5GSIMDJI/) * [2021/05/14 中國時報: 氣膠成新冠肺炎主要傳播途徑 專家籲:口罩戴好、戴滿](https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20210514004091-260405) * [2021/05/10 HEHO: COVID-19/美國官方改指南:病毒可由空氣傳播!距離6英尺也染疫](https://heho.com.tw/archives/171215) * [2021/05/10 科技新報:社交距離不夠!CDC:新冠病毒「空氣」傳播,距離 1.82 公尺也危險](https://technews.tw/2021/05/10/airborne-spread-of-coronavirus/) * [2020/11/20 紐約時報: 從電梯按鈕到地鐵車廂,消毒真的能遏制新冠傳播嗎?](https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20201120/covid-cleaning/zh-hant/) * [2020/10/12 李四端的雲端世界:NHK實驗揭「無症狀感染」怎傳播 微飛沫20分鐘才散](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnWNtD5uTso) ### Non-Mandarin * [2021/05/13 Wired: The 60-Year-Old Scientific Screwup That Helped Covid Kill](https://www.wired.com/story/the-teeny-tiny-scientific-screwup-that-helped-covid-kill/) * [2021/05/09 The Science Times: COVID-19 Can Spread Beyond 6 Feet, CDC Says Virus is Airborne](https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/31087/20210509/covid-19-spread-beyond-6:-feet-cdc-virus-airborne.htm) * [2021/05/07 New York Times: Why Did It Take So Long to Accept the Facts About Covid?](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/07/opinion/coronavirus-airborne-transmission.html) * [2021/04/29 Science: Household COVID-19 risk and in-person schooling](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2021/04/28/science.abh2939) * [2021/04/05 US CDC: SARS-CoV-2 and Surface (Fomite) Transmission for Indoor Community Environments](https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/surface-transmission.html) * [2020/10/28 EL PAÍS: A room, a bar and a classroom: how the coronavirus is spread through the air](https://english.elpais.com/society/2020-10-28/a-room-a-bar-and-a-class-how-the-coronavirus-is-spread-through-the-air.html) * [2020/06/06 日本朝日新聞社:仕切り板、顔より低いと効果小 スパコンで防止策を解析 (隔板飛沫模擬研究影片成果)](https://www.facebook.com/jumount/posts/10105844941307562) ## 評論 Commentary ### 華語 Mandarin * [2021/05/24 天下獨立評論:檢、疫調、禁內用:除了呼籲大家不出門,台灣防疫更該考慮這些事](https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/441/article/10896) * [2021/05/23 經濟日報:家庭成員3人以上,遭新冠病毒感染的機會超過50%!重症醫生教你三招保平安](https://money.udn.com/money/story/5658/5478392) * [2021/05/23 蘋果日報:公共場所可能忽略的防疫缺口](https://tw.appledaily.com/forum/20210523/4AUFLKSEHZDYDC6WHLX3YUNVNI/) * [2021/05/20 自由時報:迅速、小區域封鎖 續當抗疫模範生](https://talk.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1449783) * [2021/05/19 端傳媒:台灣新起疫情,防疫要轉守為攻](https://theinitium.com/article/20210519-opinion-taiwan-epedimic-prevention/) [paywall] ### Non-Mandarin ## 討論: ### Q: 該不該讓小孩去上學?學校和老師可以怎麼做? >[name=isabel]以下是和在美國的朋友及傳染病學者討論的整理,非常感謝這些朋友: 病毒很容易傳染沒錯,但也不是那樣只是去呼吸空氣就會染病。在戶外的感染可能性非常非常低,人體呼出的空氣溫度比大氣高上升,在戶外的話就稀釋散逸。尤其有陽光有風的話幾乎就沒有威脅了。 麻煩的是在室內。空氣不流通的室內 才是台灣最糟糕的問題。天氣熱,大家都關在冷氣房內。帶有病毒的氣體離開人體 往上升,永遠流竄在室內,大家平均吸進去,這時什麼口罩什麼社交距離都沒有用。不要進很多人的冷氣房. 那裡戴口罩只是帶心安。美國過去一年來的經驗,感染最高的都是密閉空間,那種空間裡面就算是保持社交距離也沒有意義,因為空氣中的病毒會平均分佈到空間裏,跟距離病人多遠沒有關係。 要是教室通風加上電扇 空氣流動很好 小孩子對這個病毒目前的反應看來並不需要怎麼特別擔心,假如學校教室可以開窗,盡量說服學校老師要開窗讓空氣流通 可以貢獻多幾隻電扇。美國康州人口台灣1/4, 4個月前每天全州還有每天三千人確診的時候小孩子就回去上學了。 需要注意的只是小孩家裡有沒有患者 小孩本身有沒有症狀 另一方面就是 有沒有小孩子是身體有特殊狀況的,比如氣喘、糖尿病等等需要特別嚴防傳染的。 小結:請盡量說服老師們開窗戶,維持室內通風。即便在夏天開冷氣的教室內,也請打開窗戶和電風扇。目前我孩子的教室已這樣施行,這其實也是流感盛行時,許多老師為了降低班內傳染會採行的方式。 Ref: [2021/04/29 Science: Household COVID-19 risk and in-person schooling](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2021/04/28/science.abh2939) ### Q: 噴霧消毒劑有效嗎? 例如,據稱新北市市長想在街道上噴灑消毒劑。 這將有助於防止 COVID-19 的傳播嗎? > [name=Caleb Rogers] Needs better translation. We should have a question about that weird spraying thing the mayor of new Taipei city wants to do. > We also need mandarin sources > A link to the Relevant c0facts pages could be helpful as well 此方法可能無法有效防止 COVID-19 的擴散。 https://theconversation.com/sanitising-the-city-does-spraying-the-streets-work-against-coronavirus-136966 https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20201120/covid-cleaning/zh-hant/ ### Q: 病毒是怎麼傳染?戴口罩能完全避免傳染嗎? > [name=isabel]以下是傳染病學者朋友對我的解釋: WARS 是空軍,我覺得可以想成是敵軍飛彈,人是飛機,口罩是防護罩。 > [name=chihao] WARS 是什麼 XD > [name=isabel] 英文:Wuhan Acute Respiratory Syndrome,簡稱WARS > [name=chihao] 了解! 防護罩是有用的,飛彈不多大部份能擋下來,但是第一要務還是避免進入飛彈密集的領空,否則遲早被打穿炸爛。另外它也有減少你自己的飛機,向別人射飛彈的效果。 然後飛彈落到地面,多半很快自爆,只要你不在附近就沒事。不過還是有少數比較慢爆炸的,所以仍然要注意一下,可是最重要的還是防空,以及避免進入飛彈密集的領空。 這有一個學術上的推理想像,不過不知道能解釋多少。 WARS 可以空氣傳染,也就是以很小粒子(氣膠,aerosol)的形式,在空氣中飄浮存在好一段時間。 而氣膠的流動與穿透力,可以想像成菸味。戴口罩能減少聞到菸味嗎?可以減少,但是還是可以聞到菸味,表示仍然有些氣膠能滲透。 因此或許還是濃度跟接觸時間的問題,也就是飛彈來襲密度、承受飛彈攻勢的時間長度,防護罩強度。中飛彈愈多的話,穿透防護罩的數量也愈高多,遲早會過臨界值。 Ref: [2020/06/26 Science: Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6498/1422)

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