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# Blockchain-based [Crowdsensing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdsensing) Infrastructure for Cost Reduction and Economic Incentives ## 藉由區塊鏈降低環境感測器維護成本並創造經濟誘因 ###### tags: `summit2018` {%hackmd ry-5qaFFm %} 提問:sli.do/1007r2 Speaker: [jserv](http://wiki.csie.ncku.edu.tw/User/jserv) (黃敬群), [成功大學分散式帳本實驗室](https://dlt.csie.ncku.edu.tw/) 解說影片: [透過區塊鏈提升空氣污染監測的可信度,以大規模部署和創造經濟誘因](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FGfmEiju4k) ## 信任永遠是最大的成本 * 現有架構 ![](https://g0vhackmd.blob.core.windows.net/g0v-hackmd-images/upload_c9cc872aa6c7075c58cc7c3f1e9d4439) * 透過區塊鏈建立的 Trust Machine ![](https://g0vhackmd.blob.core.windows.net/g0v-hackmd-images/upload_eda2dae9e98c311111f337809a8780ab) 背後的核心技術: [TangleID](https://tangleid.github.io/) (主要採 [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) 發布) > TangleID aims to convert your digital footprints into digital assets with the principle of Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs). Based on blockchain technology, our mission is to propose a more efficient solution to not merely identity authentication but digital asset management, and further create a highly potential data marketplace for digial footprints. Therefore, TangleID try hard to re-build the trust by both machine-to-machine (M2M) mechanics and distributed ledger technology (DLT), which is also known as blockchain. ![](https://g0vhackmd.blob.core.windows.net/g0v-hackmd-images/upload_ad830cbf829eefd5ce7aa006428dde77) ID solution for United Nation Peacemaker Peacekeepers [ [source](https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=677028555966836&id=559946987674994 )] ## 當 LASS 遇上加密貨幣 :::info 如果早兩年開始,我們就發 ICO,不過現在純做公益 :smile: ::: 2017 年下半,為了驗證 [TangleID](https://tangleid.github.io/),[成功大學分散式帳本實驗室](https://dlt.csie.ncku.edu.tw/) 和 [LASS 環境感測器網路系統](http://lass-net.org/) 商議合作,2018 年台灣大學資訊工程系也投入協作行列。 - [x] [LASS/Airbox and IOTA Integration](https://hackmd.io/s/SJnlK_8yM) * Demonstrating data ownership without revealing actual data > You can publicly reveal the digest and if conflict arises you can prove you had the data that generates the digest. Useful for copyrighted material, patents, etc. * Document timestamping > You can prove certain data exists at a certain moment of time. * Data integrity > If you store a proof for your document and later re-upload it, the system will only recognize it if it is completely and fully the same document. Slightest change, and we'll recognize it is different, giving you the security that certified data can't be changed. ## Decentralized Identifiers (DID) 分散式身份識別 (DID) 是種可驗證的「自主身份認證」數位身份的新型態。DID 獨立於任何集中式註冊機制、身份提供者或證書頒發機構。DID 受到與該主題可信互動的手段的約束,可解析為 DID 文件 —— 描述如何使用該特定 DID 的簡單文件。 每個 DID 文件至少包含三件事: * 加密材料 (cryptographic material); * 認證套件 (authentication suites) * 服務端點 (service endpoints) 與認證套件結合的加密材料提供了一組機制來認證 DID 主體 (例如公共密鑰,生物特徵模組等)。服務端點支持與 DID 主體進行可信任的交互。DID 文件指定所有通用資料模型,格式和操作。 延伸閱讀: * [Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) Note](https://hackmd.io/s/BkJXxoOsM) * [IOTA 在去中心化身份識別技術中的應用](https://hackmd.io/s/Bk5EpFFDG) ## 經濟誘因: [Data is the New Oil](https://ischool.syr.edu/infospace/2018/02/26/why-data-is-the-new-oil/) ![](https://i.imgur.com/m23Jume.png) 此生態系可分為 3 個機制 * 紀錄數據 * 平台媒合 * 資料買賣 過程使用 IOTA 底層 [MAM Channel](https://blog.iota.org/introducing-masked-authenticated-messaging-e55c1822d50e), [Decentralized Identifiers](https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-spec/) (DID) Auth, Ethereum Smart Contract 等技術規格予以實現。 以 [空氣盒子專案](https://hackmd.io/s/SJnlK_8yM) 為例,當個體裝置持有者將蒐集的數據透過 MAM Channel 加密上傳至智慧合約保存,同時發出一可識別並符合 Auth 規範之合約請求至平台,表示蒐集資料可進入資料買賣市場 (Data Marketplace)。平台以 M2M 智慧合約實現媒合買賣,過程不涉及人為介入,最終達到買賣雙方期待。 其中,平台主要功能為前期賣家篩選及系統維護,前者極力降低資料偏誤可能性,並透過廣泛推廣達到統計要求之可信賴區間;後者則確保 MAM Channel, DID Auth, Smart Contract 技術穩定運作。另外,根據設計機制,買方付出價格會短暫保留在 Tangle 上,直到資料確認無誤才將報酬匯至賣方。

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