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--- tags: Rentea --- # 租出育兒宅 - 納入育兒考量的租屋空間、法律、稅務規劃 文件授權: [CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.zh_TW) ## 想要解決的問題 育兒,是許多人考慮由租屋改為購屋的重要時間點。由於育兒不只大幅影響照顧者的生活型態、生涯規劃,讓需要負擔的風險增加,也需要將居住空間,調整為適合育兒的型態,諸如添購空調、相關電器,甚至得更謹慎考慮用電安全、噪音與空氣品質,以及鄰里關係。 這些變化,對自有房屋來說,都已經是不小的挑戰,對租屋的照顧者來說,更面臨幾項先天的限制: 1. 室內格局、電力、窗戶等硬體裝修,租屋者難以要求更動 1. 租約通常為一年一約,就算想要投入成本,自行修繕,也缺乏保障 2. 由於教育、社福資源均與戶籍連結,但遷戶籍的背後,牽涉到房東的多種稅務考量,有說服的門檻 這個專案將以[第一間房子](https://g0v.hackmd.io/@ddio/corent)為基礎,希望透過提出新的自費修繕規劃、稅務諮詢,以換取更長久、穩定的租屋權利,讓租屋不只能夠應對成人在城市裡穩定居住,也能適應育兒所面對的生涯階段,增加租屋的韌性。 ## 現有解法與限制 ### 購屋自住 將「育兒」與「購屋」連動,是提高育兒難度、延緩生育年齡的原因之一。由於房價持續難以負擔,2023 台灣的房屋首購年齡,已延後至 [35-45 歲](https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/4370395),將持續增加生養幼兒的風險與成本。 無論是否有購屋規劃,讓有育兒規劃的人,無須擁有房屋,就能在年輕時安心生養小孩,才是對照顧者友善的社會制度。 ### 搬回自有、親屬自有的空間 照顧者需要在外租屋的原因,通常與想要專注職涯發展、解決親屬相處爭議有關。若要為了生養幼兒,放棄租屋,則勢必得回頭,或許是放棄現有的職涯發展歸到,或是重新花力氣處理親屬相處,兩者都讓照顧者,面臨「讓孩子順利長大、實踐自己的理想」間更困難的抉擇,增加育兒的阻力與負擔。 ### 維持既有單年租屋合約 如同開頭的問題分析所述,現行租屋模式中,承租人大多沒有修繕的主導權,即便自行投入成本,也缺乏持續承租的保障,若是每年都要顧慮是否須約,便只能選擇方便復原、簡易的修繕,更別提戶籍、報稅等,門檻更高的訴求。 ## 專案目標與解法 本專案將以 3 條軸線,租出育兒友善的居住空間: 1. `裝修坑` 提案並實踐 0-6 歲育兒合宜的整層出租住宅裝修方案 - 延續[第一間房子](https://g0v.hackmd.io/@ddio/corent)的理念,裝修將以安全、韌性、可負擔、尊重租賃雙方為前提,不只要讓承租人住得合宜,也要考量後續房客接手與調整的彈性 - 任務清單: 1. 至少包含新增冷氣與相關電力系統 2. 育兒的軟裝與空間調整 3. 房東提案與溝通 - 想徵求的人: - 對水電、空調、軟裝、監工、另類租賃關係有興趣的人 - 相關共筆: - [使用情境整理](https://hackmd.io/s_TUJZ06RtGEvnQSe56VXg) - [空間規劃與房東提案](https://g0v.hackmd.io/x6TmTIFhRpC2UgSpPKFHrg) - [電力與冷氣需求](https://g0v.hackmd.io/qTwpPR2ASXimqTAezLgJgA)(工班版) 3. `戶籍坑` 整理雙北租屋稅務、幼兒社福與戶籍資料,擬定通用的房東說帖 - 房客遷入戶籍的主要阻力,是房東對於報稅的疑慮,雖然法律已明文禁止相關條款,但大多數房客,依然[選擇不入戶籍](https://ours.org.tw/2022/07/13/household-registration/)。 - 稅務考量不只租金收入,也可能牽涉買賣課稅方式,`戶籍坑` 希望能夠整理既有租屋的房東優惠,例如公益出租人,研擬並實踐一套給房客參考的通用範本,讓更多房客能夠行使居住地的社會與政治權力 - 任務清單: 1. 租屋戶籍與稅務基本資訊、利害分析,以雙北為主 2. 既有租屋補助、申請與應用方式整理,以雙北為主 3. 通用的房東說帖與執行 - 想徵求的人: - 對稅、法務、包租代管有經驗的人 - 相關共筆 - [資訊整理、不同類型房屋的溝通策略](https://g0v.hackmd.io/SgI7kEHSS1-nJiMF-oD0Bg) 5. `合約坑` 提案並實踐優先續租權,保障 `裝修坑` ,並實驗更友善的租賃關係 - 目前第一間房子的合約尚有 2.5 年,因此 `裝修坑` 所作的事情,還有基本的保障。 - 在這次的專案中,想要進一步研究台灣租賃住宅中,較少見的[優先續租權](http://www.taiwansig.tw/index.php/%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/8885-%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%B1%85%E4%BD%8F%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9%E8%88%87%E4%B8%8D%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9),提出適合台灣租賃架構的解發,延續穩定租屋的時間 - 任務清單: 1. 整理他國租屋優先承租、優先續租權的資訊 2. 台灣落地的範本、房東溝通 - 想徵求的人: - 看得完內政部公版合約、[第一間房子承租過程與合約](https://g0v.hackmd.io/@ddio/corent/https%3A%2F%2Fg0v.hackmd.io%2FMGNf0tbHQNSdM6w0CclJrA),並對設計合約有興趣的人 - 相關共筆 - [國內外相關法規調查](https://g0v.hackmd.io/LhOfHvjLRy-GdjJSXfhbXg) - [優先承租權提案](https://g0v.hackmd.io/pAj4GNGXRsG8AwA0zYxFzg) 4. 房東溝通與專業諮詢紀錄 1. 2024-03-27 / [房東初步溝通](https://g0v.hackmd.io/kwiK1HWgQCCuDBL-SxffnQ) ## 任務規劃與參與方式 承襲 [g0v 的基本理念](https://g0v.tw/intl/zh-TW/manifesto/zh-TW/),本專案的所有資訊預設公開,活動也開放有興趣的人參與。 :::warning 考量生育時程,2024 的四月底,是本專案無法延後的死線 🥹 ::: 1. 參與者: 1. ddio :坑主,現居於第一間房子,三個坑都會做 2. ==歡迎寫下你想跳的坑、參與的任務與想法== 2. 參與方式: 1. ddio 會在 [g0v 大松](https://jothon.g0v.tw/)提案,並在 [Rentea 小聚](https://g0v.hackmd.io/@ddio/rentea-tue)時,討論與報告進度 2. 若有其他人,想參與規劃與研究階段,將會另外約時間共同工作,以線上協作為主 3. 若有適合非專業者參加的活動,例如見習水電裝修監工,會另外在 Slack & [kktix](https://kktix.com/dashboard/organizations/rentea) 上公告。 4. 所有專案與活動,皆會做成紀錄與文章發表,也歡迎跳坑紀錄 ## 專案公開文章 1. [聊聊入戶籍、報稅、續租修繕條款的過程與阻力 | 租出育兒宅](https://medium.com/rentea-tuesday/rent-negotiation-the-pushback-d6b288dc46e6) 1. [協商入戶籍的可能路徑 | 租出育兒宅](https://medium.com/rentea-tuesday/rent-negoation-one-step-forward-47b8d8b1037c) 2. 裝修坑 1. [文章共筆](https://g0v.hackmd.io/SMqUtfB2SN-s7SkcOgveNg) {%hackmd 1LO5rpavTiK4_cFrTouudg %}

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