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--- tags: digital-resilience, 數位韌性松, DigiResiTh0n --- # 海纜斷光會怎樣? ## When Submarine Cables Go Dark: Examining the Web Services Resilience Amid Global Internet Disruptions @g0v hackath67n 2025/5/25 [g0v.hackmd.io/@irvin/cable-dark](https://g0v.hackmd.io/@irvin/cable-dark) 問題收集共筆 https://g0v.hackmd.io/@irvin/cable-questions/edit --- ## Irvin Chen - Open Culture Foundation (OCF) Tech. Consultant - MozTW, Mozilla Taiwan Community Liaison Note: 自我介紹一下,Mozilla 志工、Firefox 的推廣者、摩茲工寮社群場地 hackerspace 顧門的志工、開放文化基金會顧問 --- ## Submarine Cables Connecting Taiwan 台灣對外/境內海纜 https://www.submarinecablemap.com/country/taiwan ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1OpC_NZxx.png) note: 10 cables (inc. 2 to China) ---- ## How it connect us 台日間的連線 ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJ-jTZc-gg.jpg) note: 7 cables --- # What if it's all broken? # 海纜斷光會怎樣? ---- src: https://github.com/irvin/digital-service-resilience?tab=readme-ov-file#韌性檢測結果 | Services | work without cables | | -------- | -------- | | MoMo 產品頁 | X | | Google | O | | Gmail | O | | Google Maps | O | | Yahoo Mail | O | | Bing | X | | 華視新聞網 | ? | | 中央社 | X | | 公視新聞 | O | | 中央廣播電台 | X | | 數位發展部 | ? | | 國防部 | ? | | 總統府 | O | | 內政部警政署防空避難專區 | O | | g0v | X | | OCF | X | | SITCON | X | ---- Think about your daily app and web - News, Communication, Office, Company system Everything rely on internet infra will gone. --- # Will it ever break? --- ## Curent status (2025/1~) ![](https://g0v.hackmd.io/_uploads/BkMQ3VExfex.png) note: 扣除直接與對岸相連的 3 條海纜,總共有 8 個海纜系統將台灣連接到全球的網際網路。另外有 6 條海纜連接台灣本島與離島。光在今年,臺馬2號,臺澎3號就兩次被中國權宜船「意外」破壞。其中臺澎3號就發生在 rightscon 期間,也是我國第一次抓到當事船 ---- ## 2023/1-2025/1: 18 incidents source: https://www.twreporter.org/a/damaged-undersea-cables-raises-alarm-in-taiwan ![20250212115800-6a695557a077052f75298106c11f527b-desktop](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1EgfFNZgl.jpg) note: 台灣與馬祖之間的兩條海纜為例,2018-2023 六年之間,遭中國底拖網漁船、Sand Dredger 抽砂船破壞 27 次;2019- ,有 36次海纜遭外國船隻破壞的事件 --- ## Weapenize “cable incidents” Ancient Tradition, Fresh Experience source: https://www.twreporter.org/a/damaged-undersea-cables-in-europe-baltic-sea ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkzuVj4-xe.jpg) - 2022/9 Russia-German Nord Stream gas pipe 北溪管線 - 2023/2 Matsu (50 days) 馬祖兩條海纜一週內損壞,斷網50天 - 2023/10/8 Finland-Estonia gas pipe & cable 芬蘭與愛沙尼亞間的天然氣管線與電纜 - 2024/11/15-19 Swiden-Lithuania-German-Finland cable 瑞典-立陶宛-德國-芬蘭 - 2024/12/25 Finland-Estonia 芬蘭-愛沙尼亞 Note: 2023/10 新新北極熊號 - 從現場離開到聖彼得堡,並在事發地點遺留一個船錨,超過一百公里的拖痕;2024/11 伊鵬三號 180km been monitored by navy around but cannot do investment on International waters without china' consense。 過去170年,作為戰爭與灰色侵擾手段;1989 年美西戰爭,美國海軍中尉卡麥隆.溫斯洛(Lt Cameron Winslow)切斷古巴海域的電報電纜,試圖干擾西班牙的通訊網絡 ---- ## Route of 2/24 incident source https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXroXYzXLX0 ![](https://g0v.hackmd.io/_uploads/H1DghIWJxe.png) note: 破壞臺澎三號的「宏泰輪」航跡, Z字型漂流兩天之後,在海纜「事故」後,才加速要離開 ---- ## Route of Jan incident Source: (Finantial Times) https://www.ft.com/content/be994bfb-7299-4334-829d-230dddbc7e25 ![](https://g0v.hackmd.io/_uploads/rJltAYLW1lx.png) note: 一月時的「順興39」航跡,從12/5一路晃到1/3,後來得手後逃到釜山 --- ## Natual Disaster source: https://medium.com/vincent-chen/台灣海纜-submarine-cable-概況及備援機制-3e47ea550fd6 2006/12/26 恆春大地震 震央附近發生大規模海底山崩,影響網路與語音電話 只剩北向 APCN 2 & 法新歐亞三號(SEA-ME-WE 3) ![](https://g0v.hackmd.io/_uploads/H1gHQbSlGgx.jpg) --- ## Expensive & hard to fix, cheap and easy to break ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJh6_o4bge.jpg) - 台灣參與兩個海纜維護協議 Taiwan participated in 2 Cable Maintenance Agreements: "South East Asia and Indian Ocean Cable Maintenance Agreement, SEAIOCMA" & "Yokohama Zone Cable Maintenance Agreement" - 海纜維修船只有 50 艘,台灣有合作的只有 6 艘 50 repair vessles globally and 6 in local region from Japan / Korea / Singapore - 每次海纜斷掉的維修費用,中華電信自負 1~2 千萬 Each fixing cost 10-20M TWD (50M-100M JPY) - 新建臺馬四號海纜成本 14 億 New Taiwan-Matsu cable #4 cost 1400,000,000 TWD (7000 Million JPY) est 2026 note: 海纜很貴,破壞很便宜, 破壞海纜只需要一艘破船一隻錨, Shadow Fleets <!-- - agreement6 vessels 海纜維修船只有 50 艘,台灣有合作的只有 6 艘(South East Asia and Indian Ocean Cable Maintenance Agreement, SEAIOCMA)、橫濱區海纜維護協議(Yokohama Zone Cable Maintenance Agreement) --> <!-- ,前瞻建設預算補助 2 億 --> --- ## Landing stations is also a fragile point source: https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202501100035.aspx ![](https://g0v.hackmd.io/_uploads/SyNi6LgGlx.jpg) Note: 登陸點位於淡水、八里、頭城、枋山、大武、金門 ---- ## The only way is backup and backup?! - Low-earth orbit satallite 低軌衛星:實用化需要數百至數千顆衛星 thousands of sat to be work - Geo orbit satallite 同步軌道衛星:頻寬低、延遲高 slow and low brandwith - New cables 新海纜:十億起跳 cost 10M+USD - Landing stations 海纜站 <!-- 數發部編列 5.3 億預算,被砍了 3 億 --> note: 基礎建設只能備援再備援, OneWeb 650, Telesat 300, starlink 7000 SES 中軌道&同步軌道 70顆,下行90Mbps/上行45Mbps,目前的軍事指揮備援 <!-- ## 封鎖的有效手段 - 能源 - 經濟 - 通訊 破壞海纜、海纜站是低成本一兼兩顧的事情 災難情境分級:https://g0v.hackmd.io/@irvin/digital-disaster-level note: 戰爭來臨前,可以預期海纜絕對會斷光;台海戰爭時世界再也看不到賴給清德的最後影片或共軍上岸的直播 --> --- ## What can we do to growing resillience besides new infra? 除了自己發射衛星、買現有低軌衛星、建設更多海纜與海纜站、建設更多微波系統以外,還有什麼辦法能提升網路韌性,讓大家在海纜斷光時,能繼續維持日常生活? note: 數量問題、預算問題;網路本應是具有韌性的 --- ## Understand the impact of cable broken ## Keep more website live without cables (without international internet) 只要「海纜斷掉時,重要網站都還會動」,就可以將資訊封鎖的衝擊降到最小 note: 與國際上發生的 internet blackout 的不同;為什麼要確保對外斷線時,國內服務正常? -如果戰時要用小七作為物資站,結果小七運作完全崩潰 -如果 gmail & google doc / office 365 無法使用 --- ## Digital service resillience check 民生數位服務韌性檢測 an g0v hackathon project g0v 韌性松專案 https://github.com/irvin/digital-service-resilience ---- ## answer the question “If the cables are gone, can ______ still work?” <!-- **海纜斷掉時,______會動嗎?** --> eg., [海纜斷掉時,MoMo 會動嗎?](https://irvin.github.io/web-resilience-test-result/?url=https://www.momoshop.com.tw/category/LgrpCategory.jsp?l_code=2180000000) ---- ## How to ensure the site can work? -> All requests need to be domestic 1. collect requests data, [L52](https://github.com/irvin/digital-service-resilience/blob/7d689561185fcbda12ecc217eb5d4aa1ccba8bff/no-global-connection-check.js#L52) 2. clean data (rm known analytics, ads... etc useless requests), [L94](https://github.com/irvin/digital-service-resilience/blob/7d689561185fcbda12ecc217eb5d4aa1ccba8bff/no-global-connection-check.js#L94) 3. check loc of requests via IPinfo API, [L152](https://github.com/irvin/digital-service-resilience/blob/7d689561185fcbda12ecc217eb5d4aa1ccba8bff/no-global-connection-check.js#L152) ---- ## Next steps - 完善檢測的執行邏輯(處理 CDN / multicast... 問題) deeper logics - 收集更多更完整的現況數據 collect more field data - 理解雲端平台對國際斷網的耐受狀態 cloud platform - 提醒各單位、公司、工程師 raise engineer awareness - 需要強化自己網站的韌性 strengthern your site - 建立國內備援與回復計畫 domestic backup and recovery plan - 擬定政府如何著手的政策建議 policy suggestions for government --- ## Q1: Japan? - country situation - country with many islands - J Alert ## Q2: Can Japan Help? - Taiwan-(Yonaguni)-Japan microwave link? - low-orbit sat. ground station --- ## progress & contact 目前進度 **~努力找預算來做上述的事 finding the resources to do research~** 有相關(社會韌性、民防備戰、國安、網路 infra)的管道,或建議可以接觸交流的單位,還請幫忙引介。我們有詳細的企劃書: suggestion, discussion or refer org/resources: - t.me/irvin - irvin@moztw.org - OCF: hi@ocf.tw --- ## 延伸閱讀 references (in Trad. Chinese) - [海底電纜斷裂危機下,台灣維繫「數位生命線」的應變挑戰|報導者](https://www.twreporter.org/a/damaged-undersea-cables-raises-alarm-in-taiwan) - [動態模擬「宏泰輪」詭跡:台、歐斷纜危機的中國陰影|報導者YT ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXroXYzXLX0) - [網路韌性的重要性 災害發生時,如何運用數位科技聯繫?|科學月刊](https://www.scimonth.com.tw/archives/10981) - [【RightsCon 紀錄】臺灣海底電纜關乎全球網路安全?專家籲增加經濟投資誘因 | READr](https://www.readr.tw/post/3030) - [簡評SHUNXIN-39海底電纜事件之水下安全意涵|國防安全研究院](https://indsr.org.tw/focus?typeid=0&uid=11&pid=2758) - [海纜 (107篇報導)|中央社](https://www.cna.com.tw/tag/12261/)

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